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IntroductoryNote
AMONGthevastnumberofmenwhohavethoughtfittowritedownthehistoryoftheirownlives,threeorfourhaveachievedmasterpieceswhichstandoutpreeminently:SaintAugustineinhis“Confessions,”SamuelPepysinhis“Diary,”Rousseauinhis“Confessions.”Itisamongtheseextraordinarydocuments,andunsurpassedbyanyofthem,thattheautobiographyofBenvenutoCellinitakesitsplace.
The“Life”ofhimselfwhichCelliniwrotewasduetoothermotivesthanthosewhichproduceditschiefpetitorsforfirstplaceinitsclass.St.Augustinesaimwasreligiousanddidactic,Pepysnoteddowninhisdiarythedailyeventsofhislifeforhissolesatisfactionandwithnointentionthatanyoneshouldreadthecipherinwhichtheywererecorded.ButCelliniwrotethattheworldmightknow,afterhewasdead,whatafellowhehadbeen;whatgreatthingshehadattempted,andagainstwhatoddshehadcarriedthemthrough.“Allmen,”heheld,“whateverbetheircondition,whohavedoneanythingofmerit,orwhichverilyhasasemblanceofmerit,ifsobetheyaremenoftruthandgoodrepute,shouldwritethetaleoftheirlifewiththeirownhand.”Thathehaddonemanythingsofmerit,hehadnomannerofdoubt.Hisreputewasgreatinhisday,andperhapsgoodinthesenseinwhichhemeantgoodness;astowhetherhewasamanoftruth,thereisstilldisputeamongscholars.Ofsomemisrepresentations,somesuppressionsofdamagingfacts,thereseemstobeevidenceonlytoogood-amanwithCellinispassionforprovinghimselfintherightcouldhardlyhaveavoidedbeingguiltyofsuch-;butofthegeneraltrustworthinessofhisrecord,ofthekindofmanhewasandthekindoflifeheled,thereisnoreasonabledoubt.
TheperiodcoveredbytheautobiographyisfromCellinisbirthin1500to1562;thesceneismainlyinItalyandFrance.Ofthegreateventsofthetime,thetimeoftheReformationandtheCounter-Reformation,ofthestrifeofPopeandEmperorandKing,wegetonlyglimpses.Theleadersintheseeventsappearintheforegroundofthepictureonlywhentheyeintopersonalrelationswiththehero;andthennotmainlyasstatesmenorwarriors,butasconnoisseursandpatronsofart.SuchaneventastheSackofRomeisdescribedbecauseBenvenutohimselffoughtinit.
Muchmorepleteistheviewhegivesoftheartisticlifeofthetime.ItwastheageofMichelangelo,andinthethrongofgreatartistswhichthenfilledtheItaliancities,Celliniwasnoinconsiderablefigure.Michelangelohimselfheknewandadored.NowherecanwegainabetterideathaninthisbookofthepassionateenthusiasmforthecreationofbeautywhichhasbestowedupontheItalyoftheRenaissanceitsgreatestglory.
Veryvivid,too,istheimpressionwereceiveofthesociallifeofthesixteenthcentury;ofitsviolenceandlicentiousness,ofitszealforfinecraftsmanship,ofitsaboundingvitality,itsversatilityanditsidealisForCellinihimselfisanepitomeofthatcentury.Thismanwhotellsherethestoryofhislifewasamurdererandabraggart,insolent,sensual,inordinatelyproudandpassionate;buthewasalsoaworkeringoldandsilver,rejoicingindelicatechasingandsubtlemodellingofprecioussurfaces;asculptorandamusician;and,asallwhoreadhisbookmusttestify,agreatmasterofnarrative.KeenaswasBenvenutosinterestinhimself,andmuchashelovedtodwellonthesplendorofhisexploitsandachievements,hehadlittleideathatcenturiesafterhisdeathhewouldliveagain,lessbyhis“Perseus”andhisgoldsmithsworkthanbythebookwhichhedictatedcasuallytoaladoffourteen,whilehewentabouthiswork.
Theautobiographywasposedbetween1558and1566,butitbringstherecorddownonlyto1562.TheremainderofCellinislifeseemstohavebeensomewhatmorepeaceful.In1565hemarriedPieradeSalvadoreParigi,aservantwhohadnursedhimwhenhewassick;andinthecareofhischildren,asearlierofhissisterandnieces,heshowedmoretendernessthanmighthavebeenexpectedfromamanofhisboisterousnature.HediedatFlorence,May13,1571,andwasburiedinTheChurchoftheAnnunziatainthatcity.
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